Component-Computer

Thursday, February 4, 2010

Component-Computer Components. 

Computers consists of three main components that can not be separated, namely: 

1. Hardware (hardware), is the physical equipment of the computer that we can see and feel. This hardware consists of; 

• Input / Output Devices (I / O Device) Consists of input and output devices such as keyboards and printers.

• Storage Devices (storage device) is a medium for storing data such as floppy disks, hard disks, CD-I, flash disk, etc.. 

• Monitor / Screen Monitor is a means to show what we type on the keyboard board after processed by the processor. Monitors are also called visual display unit (VDU).

• Case Unit is a place of all computer equipment, whether it was the motherboard, cards, other peripherals and Procesing Central Unit (CPU). Casing of this unit is also called the System Unit. Procesing 

• Central Unit (CPU) is one of the most important computer, because the type of processor also determines the computer type. Whether or not a computer, type of computer, computer prices, is determined primarily by the type of computer processor prosesornya.Semakin sophisticated, the ability to be better and usually more expensive price.

2. Software (software), is a computer program that allows you to run a job according to the desired. The program is written with a special language understood by computers. Software consists of several types, namely:

• Operating System, such as DOS, Unix, Linux, Novell, OS / 2, Windows, is software that serves to activate all the devices installed on the computer so that each can communicate with each other. Without the computer operating system can not function at all. 

• Utility programs, like Norton Utility, Scandisk, PC Tools, dll.Program utility functions to assist or mengisikekurangan / weaknesses of the operating system, such as PC Tools can do the format commands as DOS, but PC Tools keterang and able to give a good animation in the process of formatting. Files that have been deleted by DOS can not be returned again but with the help of this program can be done.

• Application programs, such as GL, MYOB, Payroll, etc.. Is a special program to do a particular job, such as programs on a company's payroll. So this program is only used by the financial part can not be used by other departments. This application program is usually made by a computer programmer in accordance with the demands / needs of a person / institution / company for purposes of interennya. 

• Package Program, as Microsofr Office, Adobe fotoshop, macromedia studio, open office, etc. It is a program constructed so that can be used by many people with various interests. Such as MS-office, can be used by the finance department to create a bill, or the administration to create a sales letter and so on. 

• Programming Languages, PHP, ASP, dBase, Visual Basic, dll.Merupakan special software used to create computer programs, whether it's operating system, programs, etc. packages. This programming language is usually divided into 3 levels, namely;

o Low Level Language, the first generation programming language, this type of programming language is very difficult to understand because the machine language instructions. Usually only the manufacturer who understands it.

O Midle Level Language, is a middle-level programming language where instructions are approaching the use of everyday language, although it is still difficult to understand because many uses such as STO means singkatansingakatan store (for STORE) and MOV means move (an abbreviation of MOVE). The classified into these languages are Assembler, Fortran (Formula Translator).

o High Level Language, is a high-level language that has the cirri easily understood, because it uses everyday language, like BASIC, dBase, Visual Basic , VB.Net, etc..

3. Brainware (User), User is the personnel directly involved in the use of computers, such as systems analysts, programmers, operators, users, etc.. In large organizations, the problem is usually handled by computerized special section known as the EDP (Electronic Data Processing), or often called by EDP Department, headed by a Manager of EDP.

Understanding Computers.

Understanding Computers. 

 The word computer comes from the Latin word which means Computare count. In English is called to compute. By definition a computer translates into a set of electronic tools that work together, can receive data (input), process data (process) and providing information (output) as well as coordinated under the control programs stored in memory. So how can we describe the computer as follows :

1. Input Device, a device-computer hardware whose function is to enter data into computer memory, such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, etc.. 

2. Processor, is the main tool that manages all the computer activity of your computer itself. Processor consists of two main parts, namely; * Control Unit (CU), is a major component of the processor that controls all the devices installed on the computer, starting from the input devices to output devices. * Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), is part of the processor that special data processing arithmetic (add, reduce, etc.) and data logic (comparison).

3. Memory is data storage on a computer.
Memory is divided into two kinds, namely; * Read Only Memory (ROM), the memory can only be read alone, not to be changed and removed, and was filled by the computer manufacturer. The contents of ROM is required when the computer is turned on. Existing orders in the ROM part will be moved to RAM. Command in ROM include commands to read from the disk operating system, the command to check all the equipment in the unit and command system to display a message on the screen. ROM contents will not be lost even though there is no electricity. But at the present moment ROM has been developed and many kinds, including:

· PROM (PROGRAMMABLE ROM), the ROM that we can return the program to record may only once after that change can no longer be programmed.
· RPROM (Re-PROGRAMMABLE ROM ), is the development of PROM version where we can make changes repeatedly as desired.
· EPROM (Erasable Program ROM), a ROM and yangdapat we remove the program again, but how to eliminate it by using ultraviolet light. · EEPROM (Electrically Erasable ROM Program ), recent developments of the ROM mengubahdan where we can remove the program using teknikelektrik ROM. EEPROM is a type of the most widely used today.
* Random Access Memory (RAM), the name we can interpret that the RAM is a memory that can be accessed at random. RAM function is to keep our program if for a while (power on) when we turn off the computer, then all the data stored in RAM will be lost. The purpose of this RAM is the speed of data processing on the computer. In order to make the data we can not be lost as the computer is turned off, it would require an external storage media such as Floppy disk, hard disk, flash disk, PCMCIA cards and others.

4. Output Device, is a computer device that allows you to produce output, whether it's on paper (hardcopy), to the screen (softcopy) or the output of sound. For example a printer, speakers, plotter, monitor, and many others. From the description above we may conclude that the principles of computer work begins entering data from the input device, and the data processed by the CPU in such a way as we want and the data has been processed is stored in computer memory or disk. The recorded data we can see the result through the output device.